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[保健] [原创]小儿秋冬防病要诀

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发表于 2006-12-18 13:07:00 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">近一段时间,广州的天气日渐转凉,而来医院儿科就诊的小朋友也多了起来。近日前来就诊的患儿主要是两类疾病,一类是呼吸系统的感染,如急性扁桃体炎,急性支气管炎,支气管肺炎,哮喘发作等;另一类就是病毒性腹泻,俗称的“秋季腹泻”。一些严重的患儿还需要住院治疗。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.5;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">中医理论认为,人的外感疾病的发生与外界气候密切相关,目前广州处于秋末冬初之际,秋主“燥”,冬主“寒”,燥邪与风寒之邪容易侵犯人体。而小儿多数脏腑娇嫩,卫外不固,加之昼夜温差大,如家长不及时增减衣物,极易受外邪侵袭而得病。风寒燥邪首先容易犯肺,故呼吸道疾病比较多。小儿脾常不足,风寒之邪如果直中脾胃或者由于不注意饮食卫生而感受湿浊之邪,也会发生腹泻疾病。而由于南方的地理特点,风寒入里容易化热,故在广州秋冬季节小儿的热证也不少见。从现代医学的角度分析,秋冬寒冷季节病毒繁殖会比较猖獗,容易在空气或人群中传播,故近来的呼吸道感染和腹泻病的病原体都是以病毒为主。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.5;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">呼吸系统的感染主要通过空气飞沫或接触传染,衣物单薄受凉,或因昼夜温差大家长不注意增减衣服而汗出受凉,还有缺乏锻炼营养等均可使小朋友免疫力下降,从而容易感染发病。起病后主要表现发热,流涕,喷嚏,咽痛,咳嗽等,严重还会出现气促,喘鸣,鼻翼扇动甚至紫绀等,需要及时到医院就诊。秋冬季的小儿腹泻则常由轮状病毒或其他类型的病毒经空气,污染的食物或接触而传播骑起病,早期常出现呕吐,也可能有流涕、咽红等上感症状,起病</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="Times New Roman">1~2</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">日开始排黄绿色水样或蛋花汤样的大便,患儿多伴尿少、口渴及烦躁等,如腹泻量多或进食少,应尽早来医院就诊,予口服或静脉补液,以免发生严重脱水、抽搐、电解质紊乱等情况。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.5;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">要预防以上秋冬季的常见病,让小朋友安然渡过这“多事之秋”,家长们首先要从日常生活护理中入手。由于昼夜温差大,小朋友的衣着既要保暖又要宽松,便于活动和更换。尤其是外出活动或上幼儿园的小朋友,家长要准备好早晚不同时段的衣服,汗出要及时更换或在内衣里垫入干爽毛巾。中医认为,“春夏养阳,秋冬养阴”,加之秋季燥邪容易伤及肺之阴津,故可以适当煲些滋阴清润养肺的汤水,可以有助预防小儿的呼吸系统感染。适合的常用“煲汤料”比如沙参,玉竹,麦冬,扁豆,淮山,茯苓,党参或太子参等中药材,从中选择几样搭配,也可以是白萝卜、</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">粉葛、</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">雪梨、木瓜等清润的新鲜瓜果。小朋友平时要多吃有营养易消化的食品,多锻炼身体和享受一下秋冬的“日光浴”,保持室内空气流通和避免去人多拥挤的地方。天气寒冷时也可以吃些高热量的食物,但要避免为了御寒而吃些辛辣刺激燥热的“垃圾食品”。如果不幸患上呼吸道感染尤其有发热的情况下,则要多饮水,饮食宜清淡易消化,遵医嘱积极配合治疗。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><p></p></span></p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">    对于秋冬季小儿腹泻的预防,除了上面说到的避免受凉,注意营养和锻炼等之外,还要</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">把好</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">“</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">病中口入</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">关,讲究饮食卫生,教导小朋友养成饭前便后洗手的习惯。对于小婴儿,要注意</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">注意乳品的保存和奶具、食具的定期消毒。另外,一旦发现有腹泻的其他小朋友,要严格避免接触。中医认为,小儿发病与否,与其脾胃功能密切相关。所以平时也可以煲些山楂,麦芽,谷芽,扁豆,淮山,鸭胃等调理脾胃的汤水或粥水,或者找中医师望闻问切后,根据患儿偏寒或偏热而添加陈皮,北芪,党参等或麦冬,苡米等煲汤或煲粥,可以增强小儿脾胃功能,提高免疫力从而预防腹泻疾病。一旦患上腹泻,饮食更加要注意:以母乳喂养的婴儿可以继续哺乳,暂停辅食;人工喂养儿应给予</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">清淡流质或半流饮食,</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">如米汤,粥水等,牛奶则一定要稀释,或用发酵奶,腹泻专用奶粉或短期暂停喂奶;有严重呕吐者可暂时禁食</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">4</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">~</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">6</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">小时,待好转后继续喂食,由少到多,由稀到稠。另外</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">家长要学会观察小朋友有没有出现严重的病情,如有精神萎靡,皮肤明显干燥、弹性差,囟门凹陷,眼窝凹陷或啼哭泪少,手脚发凉,尿少或无尿,头颈或手脚发软无力等一项或几项,要及时来医院就诊补液。病情轻的也可口服补液,鼓励患儿多喝加盐的米汤水或粥水,干净的淡糖盐水等。也可以用药食同源的中药葛根(也就是平时常用于煲汤的粉葛)、茯苓、薏米等煲水给患儿喝,口味甘淡,小朋友易于接受。后期腹泻止,但胃口差,则可以煲谷芽麦芽水、山楂水等进行调理。</span>
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